Emergent Systems †Religion Versus Science :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Emergent Systems Religion Versus ScienceReligion is an institution that invokes unobservable and flimsy entities to explain the natural world. It provides a default explanation for anything non currently understood. Over the last few thousand years, the number of unknowns has exponenti every last(predicate)y decreased along with religions monopoly on why and how. Now, religion is almost never invoked to run across reality. When someone has a seizure, a hole isnt drilled in his head. When our children ask where AIDS or lightning comes from, we no hourlong answer God.We now have a wonderful array of social and natural sciences at our disposal. Sociology tells us why people transport seemingly oddly in groups. Psychology explains that people arent purely good or evil. Biochemistry shows us how the neurons in our brain work and even gives recipes for chemicals that make us happier and less anxious. Physics tells us how these molecules are bound in concert and how they can be split apart.Each of the sciences is pretty confined to its scope. The pure sciences explain the dim-witted in slightly simpler terms. The social sciences explain the complex in slightly less complex terms. However, they do string end-to-end very nicely, one pickaxe up where the previous left off.There does seem to be a large spread that is covered by no field at this time. That gap is between neurobiology and psychology. The first explains how each individual neuron operates. The second, what they do when about 15 billion of them get together. What happens in between that creates consciousness and apparent self-awareness? To many, its clear that this gap will be filled by some other scientific field. However, to most of the world, this is the final unknown. Like the unknowns before it, its filled by religion.Nearly all current religious beliefs are concentrated around this be scientific gap. What are the most prevalent remaining religious beliefs? People no longer believe the earth is the center of the universe or infirmity is punishment from God. These contradict existing hard sciences. The remaining beliefs are those that fill in for this lose scientific field. The soul and the afterlife.How are the soul and afterlife colligate to this missing field? The soul is a catch-all concept that substitutes for our lack of understanding of consciousness. Afterlife is intuition that because the mind (soul) is not understood, it is to be treated as a black box. The afterlife concept is a hopeful presupposition that because we do not know what goes on inside the black box, it may possess an ability to turn over its apparent cease of functioning.Emergent Systems Religion Versus Science Exploratory Essays Research PapersEmergent Systems Religion Versus ScienceReligion is an institution that invokes unobservable and improbable entities to explain the natural world. It provides a default explanation for anything not currently understood. Over the last few thousand years, the number of unknowns has exponentially decreased along with religions monopoly on why and how. Now, religion is almost never invoked to interpret reality. When someone has a seizure, a hole isnt drilled in his head. When our children ask where AIDS or lightning comes from, we no longer answer God.We now have a wonderful array of social and natural sciences at our disposal. Sociology tells us why people behave seemingly oddly in groups. Psychology explains that people arent strictly good or evil. Biochemistry shows us how the neurons in our brain work and even gives recipes for chemicals that make us happier and less anxious. Physics tells us how these molecules are bound together and how they can be split apart.Each of the sciences is pretty confined to its scope. The pure sciences explain the simple in slightly simpler terms. The social sciences explain the complex in slightly less complex terms. However, they do string end-to-end very nicely, one picking up where the pre vious left off.There does seem to be a large gap that is covered by no field at this time. That gap is between neurobiology and psychology. The first explains how each individual neuron operates. The second, what they do when about 15 billion of them get together. What happens in between that creates consciousness and apparent self-awareness? To many, its obvious that this gap will be filled by another scientific field. However, to most of the world, this is the final unknown. Like the unknowns before it, its filled by religion.Nearly all current religious beliefs are concentrated around this remaining scientific gap. What are the most prevalent remaining religious beliefs? People no longer believe the earth is the center of the universe or disease is punishment from God. These contradict existing hard sciences. The remaining beliefs are those that fill in for this missing scientific field. The soul and the afterlife.How are the soul and afterlife related to this missing field? The soul is a catch-all concept that substitutes for our lack of understanding of consciousness. Afterlife is recognition that because the mind (soul) is not understood, it is to be treated as a black box. The afterlife concept is a hopeful presupposition that because we do not know what goes on inside the black box, it may possess an ability to transcend its apparent cease of functioning.

The Poet Essay -- Essay s Papers

The PoetThe Poet is about a search for a serial killer that the FBI names The Poet due to this persons signature of forcing the victims to salvage suicide notes in the form of a quote from Edgar Allen Poe. twat McEvoy, a newspaper reporter from Denver, is the brother of a victim who was killed by the Poet. In an try on to avenge his brothers death McEvoy, and the FBI, form a nation-wide manhunt in search of this cunning illusive killer.The Poet begins with the Rocky Mountain Newspaper reporter Jack McEvoy being informed of his twin brothers suicide. As two of the detectives from the Denver police department who also worked with Sean McEvoy in the Crimes Against Persons unit inform McEvoy of the incident, he immediately has doubts about his twins alleged suicide. Seeking to better understand what his brother did and what the Denver PD says his brother did, Jack McEvoy decides to write a story for the paper about his brother. From this get on McEvoy began to learn about evil in a new way. Sean McEvoy was discovered in his car in a parking lot at Bear Lake, and the park ranger who discovered him came immediately after he heard the gunshot to find him dead. The investigators came up with the information that Sean had placed the gun inside his mouth and killed himself. Due to the high stress that Seans co-workers and therapist had experienced him in due to the current homicide investigation, the berth was closed and it was ruled a suicide. Jack investigated his brothers death and the further he got into the fountain the more clues he found suggesting foul play. The final line pen on the inside of the windshield by Sean McEvoy was Out of Space out of Time. Jack linked the epitaph with the final entry in the chronological record of the case his brother was working on which read simply that hed receive a call from an unknown source and then RUSHER was written. The connection was make by McEvoy to a similar suicide case in Chicago where a detectives la st words written on a pad were Through the pale door taken from an Edgar Allen Poe story titled The Fall of the House of Usher in which the main character is Rodrick Usher. As McEvoy employ this information about RUSHER, he also related his brothers line Out of Space out of Time to a Edgar Allen Poe poem called Dream-Land.Sean McEvoy was deeply involved with the investiga... ... the shower. Also, Backus former bride to be stated that he would make her shower immediately before and after making love. Another insight into how Backus worked was the letter the FBI received from The Poet written to Bob Backus. Clearly acknowledging that there were two separate individuals within Backus. Backus also must have thought that he was smarter than everyone to think he could bear down these crimes and not get caught.McEvoys theory of why he thought Rachel was The Poet could also lead to an understanding of why Backus possibly did what he did. He knew Rachel and Backus interviewed Horace and gladden in prison and the killing could have started because he was punishing Beltran for creating Gladden. The questions of location of the crimes, and of manner of the crimes can be theorized that Backus was very learned in crime motion picture investigation and he was making the incident look like a suicide, maculation still sexually and emotionally gratifying himself with each of the victims. All the while covering his back with Gladden as his scapegoat. A very smart and controlled man covered a very disturbed individuals fantasies to the point when he couldnt not act on them.

First Amendment And Music Censorship Essay -- Censorship

The start Amendment to the Bill of Rights exists because the Founders of our country understood the importance of free expression. The First Amendment states Congress sh solely make no law . . . abridging the license of speech, or of the press . . . (Commission on the bicentenary of the United States Constitution 17). One of the ways the American people use this freedom of speech and expression is through the creation of the art form cognise as music. Musics verbal expression bonds our society through our emotions and experiences. This fundamental right of freedom of expression is being exist by public and governmental groups who conceptualise they have authority to monitor and decide what others should experience. The shunship of music lyrics is a violation of our First Amendment right, and public groups should not be allowed to bypass this right to censor obscene lyrics produced in the music industry.Through the decades, artists such as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and The R olling Stones have raised parameter over their seemingly explicit acts that atomic number 18 now viewed as legendary. Parents banned their children from watching Elvis Presley and his outrageous hip movements though today these moves are copied by Britney Spears, pop groups, and dancers all over the world. In 1956, Ed Sullivan deemed Elvis unfit for a family audience. However, in 1970 Elvis met the President in the Oval Office, and now his bet appears on a postage cast (RIAA History 2 of 4). On June 15, 1966, The Beatles released their album Yesterday...and Today featuring a shocking cover with the foursome surrounded by raw meat and butchered baby dolls. presently the album was withdrawn from music shelves everywhere and returned only with a new approved c... ... something we have not stock-still discovered. We have seen the objections of yesterday as the legends of today. right off we must stand strong to make our own decisions and see things through our own eyes and touch it with our dickens hands, because it is through experience and challenge that we all grow and discover new ideas.Works CitedCommission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. 1791 - 1991 The Bill Of Rights and Beyond. Commission on the Bicentennial of the Unites States Constitution, 1990.Duin, Julia. Warning Labels Dont Keep Kids From spite CDs. Insight 12 Jan. 1998 1-2.Hald, Karen. Music - A Human Right. .Recording Industry standoff of America . Freedom of Speech. drawing History .Recording Industry Association of America. Parents Page. Background .Walters, Shari. About Music for Teens. Parental Advisory Labels . First Amendment And Music Censorship Essay -- CensorshipThe First Amendment to the Bill of Rights exists because the Founders of our country understood the importance of free expression. The First Amendment states Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press . . . (Commission on the Bicentennial of t he United States Constitution 17). One of the ways the American people use this freedom of speech and expression is through the creation of the art form known as music. Musics verbal expression bonds our society through our emotions and experiences. This fundamental right of freedom of expression is being threatened by public and governmental groups who believe they have authority to monitor and decide what others should experience. The censorship of music lyrics is a violation of our First Amendment right, and public groups should not be allowed to bypass this right to censor obscene lyrics produced in the music industry.Through the decades, artists such as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and The Rolling Stones have raised controversy over their seemingly explicit acts that are now viewed as legendary. Parents banned their children from watching Elvis Presley and his outrageous hip movements though today these moves are copied by Britney Spears, pop groups, and dancers all over the wor ld. In 1956, Ed Sullivan deemed Elvis unfit for a family audience. However, in 1970 Elvis met the President in the Oval Office, and now his face appears on a postage stamp (RIAA History 2 of 4). On June 15, 1966, The Beatles released their album Yesterday...and Today featuring a shocking cover with the foursome surrounded by raw meat and butchered baby dolls. Immediately the album was withdrawn from music shelves everywhere and returned only with a new approved c... ... something we have not yet discovered. We have seen the objections of yesterday as the legends of today. Now we must stand strong to make our own decisions and see things through our own eyes and touch it with our two hands, because it is through experience and challenge that we all grow and discover new ideas.Works CitedCommission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. 1791 - 1991 The Bill Of Rights and Beyond. Commission on the Bicentennial of the Unites States Constitution, 1990.Duin, Julia. Warnin g Labels Dont Keep Kids From Shock CDs. Insight 12 Jan. 1998 1-2.Hald, Karen. Music - A Human Right. .Recording Industry Association of America . Freedom of Speech. Brief History .Recording Industry Association of America. Parents Page. Background .Walters, Shari. About Music for Teens. Parental Advisory Labels .

War on Terror Essay -- American History, Patriot Act

On september 11, 2001 there was an attack on America. Four airplanes were hijacked, two were crashed into the cosmea Trade Center in New York City, the third crashed into the Pentagon in D.C. and the fourth got stopped by a passenger. It was the first terrorist attack on the U.S. soil. Thousands of lives were lost that day. This extend was the most devastating act of belligerence on U.S territory since the Civil War (Terrorism, 2011). This even had an enormous influence on America and its history. It led to numerous short and long term effects. On September 20, 2001, former president George W. Bush announced publicly that he decl ars War on Terror. later this announcement, our country has altered. To determine if an effect was positive or negative, determines on the view point of the person. Some of those effects include USA Patriot Act, creation of TSA, the War, and issues soldiers lead after combat and health problems of Ground Zero. However, if the effects were positi ve or negative, it still made a massive mark in our country.One major(ip) organization that was created from the attacks on September 11th that lead to the declaring War on Terror was the creation of TSA, Transportation Security Administration. TSA was created to develop policies to protect airport dit and prevent aircraft hijacking. It oversees warrantor for high behaviors, railroads, buses, mass transit systems, pipelines and ports. Though they are mostly responsible for screening passengers and checked and carry-on luggage at about 450 airports. Different types of TSA employees are Transportation Security Officer, Federal Air Marshal, Transportation Security Inspector and National Explosives Detection Canine Team Program. (Security, 2010) T... ...a federal office of homeland security to prevent the nation of future terrorist attacks (September 11, 2006). After September 11th and the declare War on Terror every person of power tried doing whatever they could to help pro tect our nation. There is no doubt that after this powerful event, important things started to dwindle (September 11, 2006). Some major issues were our economy weakened, unemployment increased, and our recession worsened (September 11, 2006). Airports had it the worse, they had to slope bankruptcy, there insurance increased and they had to undertake costly overhauls of their security systems September 11, 2006). War on Terror affected our nation greatly, in different way someone was hurt by it. People tried fixing it and picking up the pieces, but some things just cant be fixed. succession is the only way our nation will recover.

The English Election System :: essays research papers

The English Election SystemOnce the Queen has appointed a person to the office of Prime Minister, he can remain in office only for so long as he has majority bide in the House of Commons. If he is defeated there, he may resign and leave the Queen looking for a new one. According to law the purpose between general elections must never be more than five years. Within these five years the Prime Minister may choose the date for a general election, this gives him and his party a great advantage, because then he can choose a time when the opinion is high for his party.The GovernmentA Brittish Government consists of the Prime Minister and other ministers, all of whom are collectively responsible for every part of the Governments administration. The ministers are all choosed by the Queen, but they are choosed entirely on the PMs advice. All the ministers must be members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords, and a minister may only speak in the abode of which he is a memb er. Some of the ministers and the offices have special titles such as the "Minister of husbandry" and as the "Chancellor of the Exchequer. A politicial low-level to a minister is called, for example, the "Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture". If the Ministers title is "Secretary of State" his assistant is called for example, of "Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland".The Cabinet consists of the heads of the most important Departments together with a few ministers without departments. The PM decides which ministers will be included, but there is some, like the unknown Secretary, whom he could not leave out. The number of members has varied in peacetime between 15-23. The Government is a wider term including ministers, ministers of state and junior ministers, plus 4 well-grounded members and about twelve Government whips.The PM lives and works at No. 10 Downing Street. This is a pretty large house in a small stre et off Whitehall, where many of the departments have their offices, a very short distance from the Houses of Parliament. One of the rooms in the PMs house is the Cabinet-Room. This is where the Cabinet-Members meets usually once a week, but sometimes more often.The Cabinet itself is not recognized by any former law and it has no prescribed powers, but only real powers. It takes the effective

The English Election System :: essays research papers

The English Election SystemOnce the Queen has appointed a person to the office of Prime Minister, he can remain in office only for so long as he has majority support in the House of Commons. If he is defeated there, he may chuck up the sponge and leave the Queen looking for a new one. According to law the period betwixt general elections must never be more than 5 years. Within these five years the Prime Minister may choose the date for a general election, this gives him and his party a great advantage, because then he can choose a time when the opinion is high for his party.The GovernmentA Brittish Government consists of the Prime Minister and other ministers, all of whom are conjointly responsible for ein truth part of the Governments administration. The ministers are all choosed by the Queen, but they are choosed entirely on the PMs advice. altogether the ministers must be members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords, and a minister may only speak in the house of which he is a member. Some of the ministers and the offices have special titles such as the "Minister of Agriculture" and as the "Chancellor of the Exchequer. A politicial assistant to a minister is called, for example, the "parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture". If the Ministers title is "Secretary of State" his assistant is called for example, of "Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland".The footlocker consists of the heads of the most important Departments together with a few ministers without departments. The PM decides which ministers will be included, but there is some, like the Foreign Secretary, whom he could not leave out. The number of members has varied in peacetime between 15-23. The Government is a wider term including ministers, ministers of state and junior ministers, plus 4 legal members and about twelve Government whips.The PM lives and works at no 10 Downing Street. This is a pretty large house in a small street off Whitehall, where many of the departments have their offices, a very short distance from the Houses of Parliament. One of the rooms in the PMs house is the Cabinet-Room. This is where the Cabinet-Members meets usually once a week, but sometimes more often.The Cabinet itself is not recognized by any former law and it has no formal powers, but only real powers. It takes the effective

Teaching Is An Art For The Teachers

Teaching is an art for the instructors who spend all their love to students. Teaching is not only the way to confer their knowledge hardly also teach them how to behave and success in their future. After learning teaching method course. I gain some experiences for myself. To be successful in teaching, found out that discipline is one of the most important role. Then, lesson plan must prepared care intacty and the lesson should be easy and interesting.First of all, my outset question when I attended some classes in my observation that is why discipline is important. It is because it creates safe learning environment for both students and teachers. Discipline is of great magnificence in schools. If there is no discipline in schools, it is not possible to imp education effectively. It is necessary to maintain law an order in the society. The teacher can inspire lessons effectively without classroom disruption, and students can receive a quality education without constant distractio ns.Discipline is the training of the mind and character. It must be instilled in us from very young age. It must begin at home and continued in school. Secondly, Planning and preparing for instruction is the best way to ensure that a lesson is implemented smoothly. The reason why that is when you start teaching without preparing the lesson carefully, you get out recognize how difficult it really is to communicate instructional content to a classroom full Of students. Then you do not feel frustrated.However, preparing the lesson is eke a plan that help you know what you going to say in order and it is easy to follow when you teach, and you will not miss any information that you want to tell the student. Prepared the lesson plan carefully not only make you minimize your mistakes when you teach the students, just also help you feel comfortable to be in class. Finally, an effect way to teach that is to make the lesson as simple as you can by using simple words or words and grammars th at you know the students are already known. Why?It not only help the dents review the words but also grammar, so they can be interested in the lesson. They want to learn and they feel comfortable to communicate. Also, you can start by telling them a funny story which is related to the lesson and suitable for their level. You can make the lesson more interesting by interacting with the students as asking them to guess the words in the line or role play.

Grand Alliance 1945

?Why did the foundations for suspicion and suspicion amongst the members of the Grand federation already exist by 1945? In 1945 the contend had been fought on one side by the nations of Great Britain, USA and USSR, the members of the Grand bail bond achieved victory in WW2. It was more important than ever the victorious powers remained united as they faced the enormous task of reconstructing war torn atomic number 63. However, as they sought to do this, their consistency was already weakened by the existence of mistrust and suspicions in the midst of them.Despite the outward appearance of unity, these nations were fundamentally divided by their ideological rivalry which had already existed between them since 1917 the disagreements and strains they experienced and their competing aims and ambitions for the incoming of post-war Europe on which their societies were based. The fundamental struggle between the communist system of USSR and capitalistic ideas of USA and Great Brit ain ideological rivalry is apparent to be the most significant explanation for the existence of mistrust and suspicion between them.Due to the fact, it lies at the basis of the other casual factors. The long term issues of their ideological rivalry which was present between the USSR and the West since the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 was a significant contributory factor in the development of a foreign relationship between them. The great power rivalry was evident during the years of 1917 to 1941 the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 precept the rise of Lenin which meant a rise in Communism. It can be said the Soviet foreign policy was driven by communist ideology rather than national security.This was a threat of a totalitarian state. Ideology of Marxism was alien to the USA as left wing politics were unheard of this was especially threatening as Marxist ideology saw the destruction of capitalist societies such as the USA. Its egalitarian values and its attacks on the independences held to be so important in a Liberal Democracy. Truman adopted a strident policy to combat spread of socialism towards the Soviet Union in 1945 he upbraided USSRs foreign minister Molotov, over Soviet calling of Poland.A greater source of fear in the West was the communist belief in the inevitable conflict between capitalism and communism views. The idea of communism succeeding to worldwide revolution and this meant the downfall of capitalism. In addition, Europe faced the growing threat from Nazi Germany. In the years of 1939 saw the introduction of a non-aggression pact between Russia and Germany. Seen by many as what gave Hitler the confidence to invade Poland which sparked WW2.Stalin feared Germany would go against them in war and were non ready arms wise in the battle to interlocking against them. It can be said Hitler didnt want to fight war on both East and West faces, thats why he wanted to attack Poland, already achieving taking over Czechoslovakia. These approaches wer e rejected by the British government whose ideological opposition to Fascist Germany. Their differences in ideology created British suspicions to rise, as Stalin appeared to be confirmed in August, in the view of the British making the outbreak of war in Europe inevitable.1941, when the Grand Alliance was formed, it was out of a mutual need to defeat a common enemy (Hitler. ) Not a natural coalescency of allies but an alliance of ideological enemies. The suspicion and mistrust relationship between them continued to exist below the surface. This helps to explain why despite the superficial show of unity, there were protracted dissimilarities and strains in their wartime relationship which further served to fuel the latent hostility between them. The strands in the Grand Alliance were due to the ideological suspicions that arose between them.The disagreements that they experienced in the years building up to 1945, was due to the fact their key personalities and how they dealt with si tuations. The constraints and pressure they were put in as national leaders, added to their layer of mistrust and suspicion between them. Despite improven relations there were also cracks in the Soviet-American Alliance during the years of 1942 to 1944. Two sides argued about the opening of a second war front against Germany as Stalin wanted the USA and Great Britain to invade Western Europe in order to relieve pressure on the Red Army in the east.Knowing that Stalin approached a distinguishable aspect of leadership, with his dysfunctional personality and suspicious nature, he remained wary of capitalist West authority, actions that the USA choose to take only proved his xenophic style of leadership to be expressed in his government. As early as 1942, Roosevelt promised to this however his following actions contributed to the suspicions. In the end the D Day landings didnt occur until June 1944 in the meantime millions of Russians had died. The preoccupation with Stains obsession w ith Soviet security, USA wasnt in a position to appreciate USSR deep sense of hazard in 1945.This delay drove Stalins suspicions that USA and Britain were hoping that Germany and the USSR would kill each other off. This theory was viewed by many people the revisionist. They asserted the USAs policies of capitalist expansionist such as not helping USSR, was primarily responsible for the onset of the Cold War. The war never saw Russia and the USA fight alongside each other. Also, Soviet spies infiltrated the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico where US scientists were attempting to build the first atomic bomb this soviet operation was on a massive scale.The residual mutual suspicion and disagreement on specific issues, (the second front) suggests the two sides had already mistrusted each other by 1945 due to their unprecedented cooperation. Considering all the factors, only when you get the opportunity to get them into a close contact thats when ideology rivalry becomes the most significant factor in the foundations for mistrust and suspicion between the members of the Grand Alliance. The strains caused between them in the build up by 1945, may have been an ultimate trigger to anguish the mistrust and suspicion.Never the less, ideological rivalry is a catalyst in terms of in accelerating a difference between them. Therefore, leading the members to have completely different competing aims and ambitions in post-war Europe. Growing tensions and suspicions between the members of Grand Alliance which already existed by their ideological rivalry and strains steered them to having opposite aims and ambitions in post-war Europe. The reality of Soviet Union and the West having different competing aims and ambitions only put the final layer of the mistrust and suspicion to become an alarming problem.Despite having won the war together, the USA and USSR faced the post-war world with more differences than similarities. Stalin demands regarding Germany where that the future of the Soviet Union was to be secured, to pr heretoforet repercussions of the effects of WW2 happen again such as 2,700,000 of its citizens being killed. Also, the opportunity of friendly governments and he wanted to prove revenge as the whole of Russia was destroyed 70,000 villages were destroyed. The chances of USSR achieving these aims regarding Germany were unlikely as the West would be against them.The mistrust and suspicions which had already been implanted in the leaders minds caused the USA not to contribute, because of the threat of impact in ideological differences. However, they did agree in the principle of dividing and occupying Germany among the victory and have a shared goal of continued cooperation after war this could re-kindle the trust between them. In 1944, they had different ideology which was based on their different economic and political ideas within their government. This was evident in their communist and capitalist ideas.USA had a very fixed i dea about the shape of the world economy after the war. USA had become strong advocates of free trade, the unrestricted telephone exchange of goods between nations based on their capitalist ideas. Individual countries should operate in Open Door policies, having production and distribution of goods should be on responsibility of a private sector and not the state. However, USA aims and ambitions for a free market were completely different to those of USSR government, they saw the preference of the command economy and state tell necessary.The economy of the government was organised along the communist financial principles, a command economy. In addition, their aims and ambitions also differed in political ideology. Where the USA was in save of (liberal democracy) democracy and right, a system where by freedom of speech was apparent which formed the basis of the post-war Europe. These rights were unheard of in the USSR and were not seen as fundamental or important as they were in c ontrast to the ideas of USA.The fear of capitalist ideas spreading towards the East added to the mistrust and suspicion of Stalin as his role was an expansionist communist. They believed in (one-party state) freedom of speech and dissents were not tolerated in any basis, within a party or society at large. Along with that, the recent devastating effects of WW2 for Russia, Stalin pursue in creating a belt of friendly states on Russias western border. USSR had experience mistrust and twice in Stalins lifetime Russia had been invaded by Germany through these eastern neighbours, he longed for a sense of security.But, Roosevelt wanted no empires or sphere of influence in the world. He believed that all states had no right to self-determination. Their differences in post-war agreements added tension in their fragile relationship. These events would sow the seeds for the eventual collapse of the Grand Alliance these can be detected in the agreements made at Yalta even though ironically th ese marked the highpoint of allied unity. Ideological rivalry and a history of mistrust and suspicions made the potential for the continuation of Grand Alliance to deteriorate.Contrasting post-war visions held by the USA and USSR reflected their different value systems, different historical experience and different security needs. The chances of them working together in a complacent way were bosomy against them as they were expected to cooperate in the reconstruction of post-war Europe. Ideological rivalry was extremely important in whether the members of Grand Alliance trusted or grew eager suspicions on each other by 1945, as it was an inner-deep layer of foundation which hidden their capitalism and communism ideology differences.The long term effect of mistrust and suspicion had only been waiting underneath the layer of the foundations to be exposed, through their close proximity of being allies with one another. Thats when their differences and strains come to light. Dissimila rities in the Grand Alliance were fundamentally being reflected on their ideological differences in their economic and political state. Therefore, creating a complete contrast in competing aims and ambitions in post-war Europe between capitalist West and communist Soviet Union.

Student Resources Worksheet

Student resources include a variety of helpful sites and tools that can be of assistance when complementary assignments, connecting to other students, and searching for c areers. Complete this table regarding student resources provided by the university. In the first column, identify where the resource can be found. In the second column, repeat each resource in at least one sentence. When you are finished with the matrix, answer the follow-up question in part B.Part A Resources chatterer HuntStudent resource Where found Summary of the resource Syllabus Course materials Your guide that tells you all you assignments and reading material, as hearty when they are due. Class Policies On the classroom page on the left hand side undercourse outline Tells you about all the academic polices and procedures University Library Library tab Helps you do research or look up information on several(predicate) subjects University Academic Catalog My program tab A guide of all programs that are off ered as well as everything that has to do will the university University Learning GoalsLife Resource Center Home page under quick links A support center for students genus Phoenix Career Services Under library tab Resume building, career planning, job market research, job opportanties Student Workshops Programs under services Different workshops that they get down going on PhoenixConnect Phoenix Connect tab Social gathering site just for students Technical Support phone number 1-877-832-4867 Help when you are have technical issues with the website. They are aviable twenty-four hours a day seven days a week.Part B Follow-Up QuestionBased on the resources in the table, what are the attendance, posting, and confederation requirements for the university? Attendence is two days a week. You are required to post a total of six messages per week. Your participation is to post two messages on three different days a week.

Swimming Sport How Import

Student Name Fatma Mohamed Hany Swimming Sport Swimming sport is one of the best sports which have a lot of advantages and few disadvantages. It is reclaimable to any one and healthy, but it needs some conditions in order to be able to reduce or avoid its disadvantages. Swimming as a sport is considered healthy which can be continued for a lifetime. It is good for heart, muscle tone, and maintain healthy joints. Any person can start discipline swimming at young age and continue use this sport to the last day in his or her life.Also, it cools you off, especially in summer when the die hard is hot and humid. In addition to that swimming is a great exercise without the weight pounding you. It is nice for any one and it calms you. It is good as a recreational activity. It helps in building character such as time management and discipline. It builds endurance, fitness and muscles strength. It makes your body flexible and comfortable. It puts very little stress on joints and does need s trong muscle to play it.Therefore, it is good for you mental health be urinate it calms you. It does help you lose weight when person swims faster a little bit. virtuoso more(prenominal) advantage, it reduces the risk of drowning. In the matter of facts I found that there are no major disadvantages for the swimming sports. If you do mined not having darker skin, it cause tanned body. It does a little to lose weight, because swimming is water based exercise. If you swim in a chlorinated pool be aware that you are fascinating a lot of the chemical through your skin.Public pools are not always clean. The contaminated water makes your skin dirt. That means you stop burning calories once you leave water owning to its cooling effect. Therefore, it is important to alternate other sports such as running or bicycling to sustain weight loss. One more disadvantage for many people that is caused damaged hair. Finally, I prefer swimming sport because it is safe, easy to me. It is not risky as karate, boxing or horseback riding. I consider swimming the best summer sport of all.

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood or hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Normally a real amount of glucose circulates in the blood. The major sources of this glucose argon absorption of ingested food in the gastrointestinal share and formation of glucose by the liver from food substances (Kozier et. l, 2002). Clients name is Mr. Harvey, 48 years old and has three children and he is newly diagnosed having Type 1 Diabetes. He is a college undergraduate and has experienced working in a restaurant as chief cook until now where in he whole shebang for 6 hours. He is also a small businessman and is greatly affected by the stinting condition as of the pass on.He only earns enough for his kids since he is a single parent he earns near 350 dollars a day including his earnings in his small business. These factors aforementi mavind greatly influence to his ability to a pproach the necessary healthcare that he should have. Yes, he has a job but his earnings is not enough for him to be thoroughly be checked by healthcare professionals, and also because he has three kids which are all studying as well.As a single parent, it is his job also to look after his children and this mean all his extra time will be devoted to them and he will not be able to attend to his own needs and early(a) self- care practices needed for his condition. Although he can do some modification in his diet still he cannot manage to consistent all passim because he still has a lot of things to attend to, but nevertheless as a college undergraduate he has some basic knowledge about the condition he has which is Type 1 Diabetes.Although he has a job and a business of his own it still does not erase the fact that he is a single parent of three kids, maybe he can buy some medicine for his condition but it will not be continuous because he will tend to prioritize other things. Pro gnosis of his condition would be poor because he cannot concentrate on the treatments that he should be getting to alleviate his condition Diabetes is such a silent killer especially when complications arise. Lastly, diabetes can be fatal.Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common and potentially serious, chronic metabolic condition which is characterized predominantly by hyperglycemia and other manifestations. Diabetes can be a devastating condition with long lasting hazardous consequences since due to its chronicity it affects well-nigh all the major organs of the body including the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, heart and blood vessels (Jennifer, 1998).There are devil main figures of Diabetes Mellitus viz. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (also termed as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or IDDM and juvenile Diabetes Mellitus) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (also known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or NIDDM and adult- attempt Diabetes Mellitus) (Jennifer, 1998). Type 1 DM is more than common as compared to quality 2 DM in younger age groups and accounts for almost two-thirds of the cases of diabetes diagnosed amongst individuals less than 19 years of age (Levitsky & Misra, 2008).Epidemiology of DM The magnitude of the problemIn the United States, Diabetes Mellitus is the quarter leading cause of death and accounts to 178,000 deaths per year (Do I Have Diabetes?, 1998). Individuals with DM have been shown to have a 5-10 years shorter tonespan as compared to their normal counterparts (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004). Moreoer, DM also contributes to significant morbidity and remains amongst the leading cause of blindness in adults in the 20-74 years age group. Similarly, it also remains as one of the most common causes of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review, 2007).It was estimated that about 7% of the U.S population (20.8 cardinal individuals) were inflicted wi th this condition in the year 2005. Amongst these, 14.6 million were diagnosed as having DM while the rest were undiagnosed. Moreover, an additional 54 million people were shown to have pre-diabetes (defined below) (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review, 2007). It is alarming to note that over the past decades, the incidence of DM has been increasing and it was observed that the percentage of adults in the U.S diagnosed with DM add-ond by 49% (from 4.9 to 7.3%) during the period 1990-2000 (Lipsky & Sharp, 2004).Diabetes Mellitus is also important from an economic and public health perspective as well since it leads to both direct and indirect costs of health care. The magnitude of the problem can be judged by the fact that in the year 2002, the per-capita healthcare cost for diabetic individuals was $13,243 as unconnected to $2560 for non-diabetics (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A Review, 2009).Type 1 and Type 2 DM A comparisonAs discussed above, there a re two main types of Diabetes mellitus type 1 DM and type 2 DM which differ in etiologies and pathogenesis. DM was classified advertisement into two major subtypes viz. IDDM and NIDDM in 1979 by the National Diabetes Data Group and this classification was later endorsed by WHO (Jennifer, 1998). However, this classification had certain limitations and therefore the new guidelines classify DM into four main groups viz. type 1 DM, type 2 DM, other specific types and gestational diabetes (Jennifer, 1998).According to the recent guidelines, the diagnosis of DM requires two fasting plasma glucose levels of 126 mg per dL (7.0 mmol per L) or greater. Moreover, if after a glucose load of 75 g a patient has two two-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hrPPG) readings of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher or two random blood sugar levels of 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or higher, he/she can be diagnosed as being diabetic.It is preferable to use the fasting plasma glucose level, du e to its better reproducibility and easier administration, however, in clinical practice, a combination of either two abnormal test results can be employed (Jennifer, 1998). In addition to full blown DM, the American Diabetes Association has defined another category, pre-diabetes. This is a state in which the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review, 2007).Type 1 DM is a metabolic disorder resulting from the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic genus Beta cells located in the Islets of Langerhans which results in a progressive disability to secrete insulin (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review, 2007). Type 1 DM can present at any age the most common presentation being in childhood but one-fourth of cases are diagnosed in adults. (Levitsky & Misra, 2008). This late presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been termed as latent autoimmune diabetes of the adul t (LADA). Studies have suggested that type 1 DM occurs in individuals who are genetically predisposed to developing this disease and its onset may be triggered by certain environment agents such as viruses and toxins (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review, 2007).Once the onset is triggered, there is progressive destruction of the beta cells and a subsequent decrease in insulin production. However, during this period the individual is asymptomatic and euglycemic (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009). Overt hyperglycemia is manifested when more than 80-90% of the beta cells have been destroyed (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review, 2007). Recently, a newer subtype of type 1 DM has been identified which is characterized by a non-immune mediated destruction of pancreatic islet cells and has been termed as Type 1B DM (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).It is a well established fact that type 1 DM is genetically determined. Several genes have been implicated to play a ro le in the pathophysiology of type 1 DM including polymorphisms in HLA-DQalpha, HLA-DQbeta, HLA-DR, preproinsulin, the PTPN22 gene, CTLA-4, interferon-induced helicase, IL2 receptor (CD25), a lectin-like gene (KIA0035), ERBB3e, and an undefined gene at 12q (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).In individuals with type 1 DM, genetic markers are present since birth. However, it has been elucidated that immune markers develop after the onset of the autoimmune process of beta cell destruction and metabolic derangements can be identified once a significant proportion of beta cells have been destroyed but before the occurrence of symptoms (Eisenbarth & McCulloch, 2009).The immune markers which have been identified for type 1 DM embarrass antibodies to the islet cell (IA2) and to insulin (IAA). Moreover, autoantibodies to isletglutamate decarboxylase (GAD) including anti-GAD65 have been found in patients with type 1 DM and are of particular importance in adults with this disease since these antib odies are clinically detectable and can be used to aid in the detection and diagnosis of type 1 DM in adults (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review, 2007).Type 2 DM is relatively far more common than Type 1 DM, especially amongst adults accounts for almost 80-90% of all the cases of DM in various(a) regions of the world (Gerich, 1998). Over the past few decades, epidemiologic studies have identified an alarming augment has been observed in the cases of Type 2 DM to an extent that type 2 DM is now being regarded as an pestilent. In a study conducted in a Japanese population comprising of children of school difference age, type 2 DM was found to be seven times more common as compared to type 1 DM and a 30-fold increase in its incidence was noticed over the last two decades (Rosenbloom, 1999).Type 2 DM typically affects individuals aged greater than 40 years but more recently it has been observed to be occurring more frequently in younger age groups and has been foun d in individuals who are as young as two years of age and have a positive family history of this disorder. There are various factors which have led to an increase in the incidence of type 2 DM in younger age groups. These allow in increasing incidence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle amongst children and an increase in the life expectancy, with more individuals surviving past the age of 65 years (Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A Review, 2007).The etiology of Type 2 DM is a multifactorial and it arises from a complex interplay of both genetic and environmental influences. The inheritance of this disorder does not follow the simple Mandelian patterns. Infact, this disorder has a polygenic inheritance requiring ten-fold gene polymorphisms (Gerich, 1998). Lipsky describes the genetic-environmental interaction which is implicated in the development of type 2 DM as A good analogy is that although genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger (Lipsky, 2004).Severa l genes have been implicated in the causation of type 2 DM. Amongst these the three most consistently identified genes include TCF7L2, KCNJ11, and PPARG (Lyssenko, 2008). However, more recently, a number of novel genes which increase an individuals susceptibility to type 2 DM have been identified including CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, the locus on chromosome 9 about to CDKN2A/CDKN2B, FTO, HHEX, SLC30A8, WFS1, JAZF1, CDC123/CAMK1D, TSPAN8/LGR5, THADA, ADAMTS9, and NOTCH2 (Lyssenko, 2008).The pathogenesis of Type 2 DM is different from type 1 DM in that it results from both an impairment in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion as opposed to Type 1 DM which results solely from impaired insulin secretion (Gerich, 2009). Individuals with type 2 DM have end-organ or peripheral resistance to insulin and additionally a defect in the production of insulin and recent data suggests that both must co-exist for causing manifestations of type 2 DM. Several risk factors have been identified which increa se a persons susceptibility to developing type 2 AM.These include a positive family history of DM, and increase in the Body kettle of fish Index (BMI), impaired or elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs), comorbid conditions such as current smoking status and hypertension, decreased measures of insulin secretion and action, Hispanic, Native American, African American, Asian American, or Pacific Islander descent , a history of GDM or of delivering a baby with a birth weight of 9 lb and Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Lyssenko, 2008 and Votey & Peters, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A Review, 2007).Amongst other risk factors, obesity is one of the most consistently identified and the strongest risk factor for the development of type 2 DM. Moreover, studies have shown that intraabdominal obesity is of particular significance in causing insulin resistance (Gerich, 2009). Most of these risk factors are modifiable and current public health strategies focus on targeting these modifiable risk factor s in addition to pharmacologic intervention for the control of type 2 DM.The complications of DM are numerous and diverse and include increased susceptibility to infections, microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy which can lead to subsequent end-organ failure and macrovascular complications, which include stroke and coronary artery disease (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A Review, 2007).In conclusion, DM is a common disorder and affects a large proportion of the population globally. There are two main types of DM viz. type1 and type 2 and both differ in etiology and pathogenesis. DM can lead to several manifestations and complications and hence is a major public health concern. Although extensive question has been conducted in order to identify the underlying etiology of both types of DM, there is a pressing need to explore the arena of prevention measures for this disorder and prink strategies to control the increasing incidence of Type 2 DM in the younger age groups.ReferencesDo I Have Diabetes? (1998, October 15). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from American Family Physician http//www.aafp.org/afp/AFPprinter/981015ap/981015b.htmlEisenbarth, G. S., & McCulloch, D. K. (2009, February 11). Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate online http//www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=JYHFR94z4VP3LY&selectedTitle=4150&source=search_resultGerich, John E. (1998) The Genetic Basis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Impaired Insulin Secretion versus Impaired Insulin Sensitivity. Endocrine Reviews 19(4) 491503Jennifer, M. (1998). diagnosing and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus New Criteria. American Famil Physician .Levitsky, L. L., & Misra, M. (2008, November 18). Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from Uptodate Online http//www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=0babJ4CniXpnXAf&selecte dTitle=12150&source=search_resultLipsky, M. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2004). Preventive Therapy for Diabetes Lifestyle Changes and the special Care Physician. American Family Physician .Lyssenko Valeria et al. (2008) Clinical Risk Factors, DNA Variants, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine 359 21Rosenbloom, Arlan L. and Joe Jenny R. (1999). Emerging epidemic of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth. Diabetes Care 22345354Votey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2007, October 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A Review. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from emedicine http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/766036-overviewVotey, S. R., & Peters, A. L. (2009, February 2). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A Review. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from emedicine http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/766143-overview

The Lost Symbol Chapter 129-131

CHAPTER 129Robert Langdon stood mesmerized at the glass portal, absorbing the baron of the landscape below him. Having asc subverted unknowingly hundreds of feet into the air, he was now admiring genius of the most spectacular vistas he had ever experiencen.The shining dome of the U.S. Capitol rose handle a mountain at the east end of the theme M tot every last(predicate)y. On either side of the building, two parallel lines of light stretched toward him . . . the illuminated facades of the Smithsonian museums . . . beacons of art, history, science, culture.Langdon now realized to his astonishment that much of what dig had decl atomic number 18d to be true . . . was in fact true. on that point is indeed a winding staircase . . . descending hundreds of feet beneath a massive stone. The huge capstone of this obelisk sat without delay oer his head, and Langdon now recalled a forgotten good turn of trivia that captivatemed to have eerie relevance the capstone of the Washington repository weighed simply thirty-three hundred pounds.Again, the number 33.More startling, however, was the knowledge that this capstones ultimate peak, the zenith of this obelisk, was crowned by a piffling, polished tip of aluminuma metal as rare as gold in its day. The shining apex of the Washington Monument was just nigh a foot tall, the same size as the Masonic Pyramid. Incredibly, this small metal benefit bore a famous engravingLaus Deo and Langdon suddenly understood. This is the true message of the base of the stone pyramid. The seven symbols are a transliterationThe simplest of ciphers.The symbols are letters.The stonemasons squareLThe element goldAUThe Greek SigmaSThe Greek DeltaDAlchemical mercuryEThe OuroborosOLaus Deo, Langdon whispered. The closely-known Latin phrase mean praise Godwas inscribed on the tip of the Washington Monument in script letters only one inch tall. On full display . . . and yet invisible to all.Laus Deo.Praise God, hammer said behind him, f lipping on the soft lighting in the chamber. The Masonic Pyramids final code.Langdon turned. His friend was grinning broadly, and Langdon recalled that shaft of light had actually spoken the words praise God earlier inside the Masonic library. And I serene missed it.Langdon felt a chill to realize how apt it was that the legendary Masonic Pyramid had guided him here . . . to Americas great obeliskthe symbol of antiquated mystical wisdomrising toward the heavens at the heart of a nation.In a state of wonder, Langdon began moving counterclockwise well-nigh the perimeter of the tiny square room, arriving now at a nonher viewing window.North.Through this northward-facing window, Langdon gazed down at the familiar silhouette of the White House directly in count of him. He raised his eyes to the horizon, where the straight line of Sixteenth Street ran due north toward the House of the Temple.I am due south of Heredom.He continued around the perimeter to the next window. Looking west, Langdons eyes traced the long rectangle of the reflecting pool to the Lincoln Memorial, its classical Greek architecture pep upd by the Parthenon in Athens, Temple to Athenagoddess of heroic undertakings.Annuit coeptis, Langdon thought. God favors our undertaking.Continuing to the final window, Langdon gazed southward across the dark waters of the Tidal Basin, where the Jefferson Memorial shone brightly in the night. The lightly sloping cupola, Langdon knew, was modeled after the Pantheon, the original home to the great Roman gods of mythology.Having looked in all four directions, Langdon now thought about the aerial photos he had seen of the National Mallher four arms outstretched from the Washington Monument toward the cardinal points of the compass. I am standing at the crossroads of America.Langdon continued sand around to where Peter was standing. His mentor was beaming. Well, Robert, this is it. The Lost phrase. This is where its buried. The Masonic Pyramid led us here.Lan gdon did a double take. He had all entirely forgotten about the Lost Word.Robert, I know of nobody more than trustworthy than you. And after a night like tonight, I entrust you deserve to know what this is all about. As promised in legend, the Lost Word is indeed buried at the bottom of a winding staircase. He motioned to the mouth of the monuments long stairwell.Langdon had finally started to hail his feet back under him, but now he was puzzled. Peter quickly r separatelyed into his pocket and pulled out a small object. Do you remember this?Langdon took the cube-shaped stroke that Peter had entrusted to him long ago. Yes . . . but Im afraid I didnt do a very good job of protecting it.Solomon chuckled. Perhaps the time had come for it to see the light of day.Langdon eyed the stone cube, wondering why Peter had just handed it to him.What does this look like to you? Peter asked.Langdon eyed the 1514 and recalled his first impression when Katherine had undo the package. A fundam ent.Exactly, Peter replied. Now, there are a few things you might not know about cornerstones. First, the c oncept of laying a cornerstone comes from the sr. Testament.Langdon nodded. The Book of psalms.Correct. And a true cornerstone is always buried beneath the groundsymbolizing the buildings initial step upward out of the earth toward the ethereal light.Langdon glanced out at the Capitol, recalling that its cornerstone was buried so deep in the foundation that, to this day, excavations had been unable to find it.And finally, Solomon said, like the stone box in your hand, many cornerstones are little vaults . . . and have blank cavities so that they nates hold buried treasures . . . talismans, if you will symbols of hope for the future of the building about to be erected.Langdon was well aware of this tradition, too. even so today, Masons laid cornerstones in which they sealed subject matterful objectstime capsules, photos, proclamations, even the ashes of important people.M y purpose in telling you this, Solomon said, glancing over at the stairwell, should be clear.You think the Lost Word is buried in the cornerstone of the Washington Monument?I dont think, Robert. I know. The Lost Word was buried in the cornerstone of this monument on July 4, 1848, in a full Masonic ritual.Langdon stared at him. Our Masonic forefathers buried a word?Peter nodded. They did indeed. They understood the true office staff of what they were burying.All night, Langdon had been trying to wrap his estimate around sprawling, ethereal concepts . . . the antiquated Mysteries, the Lost Word, the Secrets of the Ages. He wanted something solid, and despite Peters claims that the key to it all was buried in a cornerstone 555 feet beneath him, Langdon was having a hard time accepting it. People study the mysteries for entire lifetimes and are still unable to access the power allegedly privy there. Langdon flashed on Durers Melencolia Ithe image of the dejected Adept, surrounded by the tools of his failed efforts to unveil the mystical hush-hushs of alchemy. If the secrets can actually be unlocked, they will not be found in one placeAny answer, Langdon had always believed, was spread across the world in thousands of volumes . . . encoded into writings of Pythagoras, Hermes, Heraclitus, Paracelsus, and hundreds of others. The answer was found in dusty, forgotten tomes on alchemy, mysticism, magic, and philosophy. The answer was hidden in the antediluvian patriarch library of Alexandria, the clay tablets of Sumer, and the hieroglyphs of Egypt.Peter, Im sorry, Langdon said quietly, shaking his head. To understand the Ancient Mysteries is a lifelong process. I cant imagine how the key could possibly rest in spite of appearance a single word.Peter placed a hand on Langdons shoulder. Robert, the Lost Word is not a word. He gave a sage smile. We only call it the Word because thats what the ancients called it . . . in the beginning.CHAPTER 130In the beginning was the Word.Dean Galloway knelt at the Great Crossing of the National Cathedral and prayed for America. He prayed that his beloved country would soon come to grasp the true power of the Wordthe recorded collection of the indite wisdom of all the ancient mastersthe spiritual truths taught by the great sages.History had blessed mancourse with the wisest of teachers, profoundly enlightened souls whose understanding of the spiritual and mental mysteries exceeded all understanding. The precious words of these AdeptsBuddha, Jesus, Muhammad, Zoroaster, and unfathomable othershad been transmitted through history in the oldest and most precious of vessels.Books.Every culture on earth had its own sacred obligeits own Wordeach one different and yet each one the same. For Christians, the Word was the give-and-take, for Muslims the Koran, for Jews the Torah, for Hindus the Vedas, and on and on it went.The Word shall light the way.For Americas Masonic forefathers, the Word had been the record book. And yet few people in history have understood its true message.Tonight, as Galloway knelt alone in spite of appearance the great cathedral, he placed his detention upon the Worda well-worn copy of his own Masonic Bible. This treasured book, like all Masonic Bibles, contained the Old Testament, the New Testament, and a treasure trove of Masonic philosophical writings.Although Galloways eyes could no longer read the text, he knew the preface by heart. Its glorious message had been read by millions of his brethren in countless rows around the world. The text readTIME IS A RIVER . . . AND BOOKS ARE BOATS. MANY VOLUMES START DOWN THAT STREAM, ONLY TO BE WRECKED AND LOST BEYOND crawfish IN ITS SANDS. ONLY A FEW, A VERY FEW, ENDURE THE TESTINGS OF TIME AND LIVE TO BLESS THE AGES FOLLOWING.There is a reason these volumes survived, while others vanished. As a scholar of faith, Dean Galloway had always found it astonishing that the ancient spiritual textsthe most studied books on ea rthwere, in fact, the least understood.Concealed within those pages, there hides a wondrous secret.One day soon the light would dawn, and mankind would finally begin to grasp the simple, transformative truth of the ancient teachings . . . and take a quantum leap forward in understanding his own magnificent nature.CHAPTER 131The winding staircase that descends the spine of the Washington Monument consists of 896 stone steps that spiral around an open elevator shaft. Langdon and Solomon were making their way down, Langdon still grappling with the startling fact that Peter had shared with him only moments ago Robert, buried within the hollow cornerstone of this monument, our forefathers placed a single copy of the Wordthe Biblewhich waits in darkness at the foot of this staircase.As they descended, Peter suddenly stop on a landing and swung his flashlight beam to illuminate a large stone medallion embedded in the wall.What in the world? Langdon jumped when he saw the carving.The medall ion depicted a frightening cloaked figure holding a scythe and kneeling beside an hourglass. The figures arm was raised, and his index finger was extended, pointing directly at a large open Bible, as if to say The answer is in thereLangdon stared at the carving and then turned to Peter.His mentors eyes shone with mystery. Id like you to consider something, Robert. His voice echoed down the empty stairwell. Why do you think the Bible has survived thousands of years of tumultuous history? Why is it still here? Is it because its stories are such compelling reading? Of course not . . . but there is a reason. There is a reason Christian monks spend lifetimes attempting to decipher the Bible. There is a reason that Jewish mystics and Kabbalists pore over the Old Testament. And that reason, Robert, is that there exist powerful secrets hidden in the pages of this ancient book . . . a ample collection of untapped wisdom waiting to be unveil.Langdon was no stranger to the theory that the Scr iptures contained a hidden layer of kernel, a concealed message that was veiled in allegory, symbolism, and fiction.The prophets warn us, Peter continued, that the language used to share their secret mysteries is a cryptic one. The Gospel of Mark tells us, Unto you is given to know the mystery . . . but it will be told in parable. Proverbs cautions that the expresss of the wise are riddles, while Corinthians talks of hidden wisdom. The Gospel of John forewarns I will speak to you in parable . . . and use dark sayings. Dark sayings, Langdon mused, knowing this strange phrase made numerous odd appearances in Proverbs as well as in Psalm 78. I will open my mouth in a parable and utter dark sayings of old. The concept of a dark saying, Langdon had learned, did not mean that the saying was evil but rather that its true meaning was shadowed or obscured from the light.And if you have any doubts, Peter added, Corinthians overtly tells us that the parables have two layers of meaning milk for babes and meat for menwhere the milk is a watered-down reading for infantile minds, and the meat is the true message, accessible only to mature minds.Peter raised the flashlight, again edifying the carving of the cloaked figure pointing intently at the Bible. I know you are a s unbrokenic, Robert, but consider this. If the Bible does not contain hidden meaning, then why have so many of historys finest mindsincluding brilliant scientists at the Royal Societybecome so obsessed with studying it? Sir Isaac Newton wrote more than a million words attempting to decipher the true meaning of the Scripture, including a 1704 manuscript that claimed he had extracted hidden scientific information from the Bible Langdon knew this was true.And Sir Francis Bacon, Peter continued, the notable hired by King James to literally create the authorized King James Bible, became so utterly convinced that the Bible contained cryptic meaning that he wrote in his own codes, which are still studied today Of course, as you know, Bacon was a Rosicrucian and penned The Wisdom of the Ancients. Peter smiled. Even the iconoclastic poet William Blake hinted that we should read in the midst of the lines.Langdon was familiar with the verseBOTH READ THE BIBLE DAY AND NIGHT,BUT THOU READ BLACK WHERE I READ WHITE.And it wasnt just the European luminaries, Peter continued, descending faster now. It was here, Robert, at the very core of this young American nation, that our brightest forefathersJohn Adams, Ben Franklin, doubting Thomas Paineall warned of the profound dangers of interpreting the Bible literally. In fact, Thomas Jefferson was so convinced the Bibles true message was hidden that he literally cut up the pages and reedited the book, attempting, in his words, to do away with the artificial scaffolding and retrieve the genuine doctrines. Langdon was well aware of this strange fact. The Jeffersonian Bible was still in print today and included many of his controversial revisions, among t hem the removal of the perfect(a) birth and the resurrection. Incredibly, the Jeffersonian Bible had been presented to every incoming member of Congress during the first half of the nineteenth century.Peter, you know I find this topic fascinating, and I can understand that it might be tempting for bright minds to imagine the Scriptures contain hidden meaning, but it makes no logical sense to me. Any complete professor will tell you that teaching is never done in code.Im sorry?Teachers teach, Peter. We speak openly. Why would the prophetsthe greatest teachers in historyobscure their language? If they hoped to change the world, why would they speak in code? Why not speak plainly so the world could understand?Peter glanced back over his shoulder as he descended, looking surprised by the question. Robert, the Bible does not talk openly for the same reason the Ancient Mystery Schools were kept hidden . . . for the same reason the neophytes had to be initiated before learning the secret teachings of the ages . . . for the same reason the scientists in the Invisible College refused to share their knowledge with others. This information is powerful, Robert. The Ancient Mysteries cannot be shouted from the rooftops. The mysteries are a flaming torch, which, in the hands of a master, can light the way, but which, in the hands of a madman, can scorch the earth. Langdon stopped short. What is he saying? Peter, Im talking about the Bible. Why are you talking about the Ancient Mysteries?Peter turned. Robert, dont you see? The Ancient Mysteries and the Bible are the same thing.Langdon stared in bewilderment.Peter was uncommunicative for several seconds, waiting for the concept to soak in. The Bible is one of the books through which the mysteries have been passed down through history. Its pages are desperately trying to tell us the secret. Dont you understand? The dark sayings in the Bible are the whispers of the ancients, quietly sharing with us all of their secret wisdom .Langdon said nothing. The Ancient Mysteries, as he understood them, were a kind of instruction manual for harnessing the latent power of the human mind . . . a recipe for personal apotheosis. He had never been able to accept the power of the mysteries, and certainly the notion that the Bible was somehow hiding a key to these mysteries was an impossible stretch.Peter, the Bible and the Ancient Mysteries are total opposites. The mysteries are all about the god within you . . . man as god. The Bible is all about the God above you . . . and man as a powerless sinner.Yes Exactly Youve put your finger on the precise problem The moment mankind separated himself from God, the true meaning of the Word was lost. The voices of the ancient masters have now been drowned out, lost in the chaotic din of self-proclaimed practitioners shouting that they alone understand the Word . . . that the Word is written in their language and none other.Peter continued down the stairs.Robert, you and I both know that the ancients would be horrified if they saw how their teachings have been perverted . . . how worship has established itself as a tollbooth to heaven . . . how warriors march into battle believing God favors their cause. Weve lost the Word, and yet its true meaning is still within reach, right before our eyes. It exists in all the enduring texts, from the Bible to the Bhagavad Gita to the Koran and beyond. All of these texts are revered upon the altars of Freemasonry because Masons understand what the world seems to have forgotten . . . that each of these texts, in its own way, is quietly whispering the exact same message. Peters voice welled with emotion. Know ye not that ye are gods?Langdon was struck by the way this famous ancient saying kept surfacing tonight. He had reflected on it while talking to Galloway and also at the Capitol Building while trying to explain The Apotheosis of Washington.Peter lowered his voice to a whisper. The Buddha said, You are God yourself . Jesus taught that the kingdom of God is within you and even promised us, The works I do, you can do . . . and greater. Even the first antipopeHippolytus of Romequoted the same message, first uttered by the gnostic teacher Monoimus Abandon the search for God . . . instead, take yourself as the starting place. Langdon flashed on the House of the Temple, where the Masonic Tylers chair bore two words of guidance carved across its back KNOW THYSELF.A wise man once told me, Peter said, his voice faint now, the only difference between you and God is that you have forgotten you are divine.Peter, I hear youI do. And Id love to believe we are gods, but I see no gods walking our earth. I see no superhumans.You can point to the alleged miracles of the Bible, or any other religious text, but they are nothing but old stories fabricated by man and then exaggerated over time.Perhaps, Peter said. Or possibly we simply impoverishment our science to catch up with the wisdom of the ancients. He pa used. Funny thing is . . . I believe Katherines research may be collected to do just that.Langdon suddenly remembered that Katherine had dashed off from the House of the Temple earlier. Hey, where did she go, anyway?Shell be here shortly, Peter said, grinning. She went to confirm a wonderful bit of good fortune.Outside, at the base of the monument, Peter Solomon felt invigorated as he inhaled the cold night air. He watched in amusement as Langdon stared intently at the ground, scratching his head and looking around at the foot of the obelisk.Professor, Peter joked, the cornerstone that contains the Bible is underground. You cant actually access the book, but I ascertain you its there.I believe you, Langdon said, appearing lost in thought. Its just . . . I noticed something.Langdon stepped back now and surveyed the giant plaza on which the Washington Monument stood. The circular concourse was made entirely of white stone . . . except for two decorative courses of dark stone, which f ormed two concentric circles around the monument.A circle within a circle, Langdon said. I never realized the Washington Monument stands at the center of a circle within a circle.Peter had to laugh. He misses nothing. Yes, the great circumpunct . . . the universal symbol for God . . . at the crossroads of America. He gave a coy shrug. Im sure its just a coincidence.Langdon seemed far off, gazing skyward now, his eyes ascending the illuminated spire, which shone stark white against the black winter sky.Peter sensed Langdon was beginning to see this creation for what it truly was . . . a silent reminder of ancient wisdom . . . an icon of enlightened man at the heart of a great nation. Even though Peter could not see the tiny aluminum tip at the top, he knew it was there, mans enlightened mind straining toward heaven.Laus Deo.Peter? Langdon approached, looking like a man whod endured some kind of mystical initiation. I almost forgot, he said, reaching into his pocket and producing Pet ers gold Masonic ring. Ive been wanting to return this to you all night.Thank you, Robert. Peter held out his leftfield hand and took the ring, admiring it. You know, all the secrecy and mystery surrounding this ring and the Masonic Pyramid . . . it had an enormous effect on my life. When I was a young man, the pyramid was given to me with the promise that it hid mystical secrets. Its mere existence made me believe there were great mysteries in the world. It piqued my curiosity, fueled my sense of wonder, and inspired me to open my mind to the Ancient Mysteries. He smiled quietly and slipped the ring into his pocket. I now realize that the Masonic Pyramids true purpose was not to reveal the answers, but rather to inspire a fascination with them.The two men stood in silence for a long while at the foot of the monument.When Langdon finally spoke, his tone was serious. I need to ask you a favor, Peter . . . as a friend.Of course. Anything.Langdon made his request . . . firmly.Solomon nodded, knowing he was right. I will.Right away, Langdon added, motioning to the waiting Escalade.Okay . . . but one caveat.Langdon rolled his eyes, chuckling. Somehow you always get the last word.Yes, and there is one final thing I want you and Katherine to see.At this hour? Langdon checked his watch.Solomon smiled warm at his old friend. It is Washingtons most spectacular treasure . . . and something very, very few people have ever seen.

Madeleine L’Engle’s “A Wrinkle in Time”

Madeleine LEngles A scrunch in Time ranks with the best known classic childrens stories. Perhaps a Lewis Carroll Shelf demo and a runner-up position in the Hans Christian Andersen Award would prove this claim.However, all the prestigious awards and the wide readership were not enough to put A chase in Time in the pedestal of being one of the best works classic children literature.LEngles science fantasy had received a outflow of criticisms from literary critics. The aspect of the allegory that had received much damage is the drools ending. Before we go on further with this exploration of A Wrinkle in Time, it is essential to reiterate that the story is categorized as a childrens storyit is intended audience were children.The critics of the novel had approached the narrative in an overly critical fashion that is opposed to the books nature of being a light and fun read. And because of much overly critical approach, many an(prenominal) had failed to appreciate that A Wrinkle in Time is packed with valuable insights that are same(p)ly to have a arrogant effect on raw readers.The composition of the story seems to aesthetically decent for its intended audience. The plot was rich in exciting adventures and entertaining elements like aliens and inter-space travelselements that grab the attention of children.The protagonist of the story was a fourteen-year-old school girl by the name of one thousand thousand Murry. Having a child as a protagonist makes it easier for young readers to relate more to the book. Moreover, out front all the science fantasy elements were introduced, predicaments that are normal to a child were discussed through the character of Meg.She is considered to be an underachiever and short-tempered by the people nearly her. These kinds of predicaments, more commonly called peer-pressures, are faced by average children worldwide.In addition to that, Meg is set to have an adventure of a life with her brother and sensation to rescue her fat her. This kind of adventure would sound very interesting and fun for children readers.The effectiveness of the narrative as a story for children owes much to its uncomplicated lecture. The language that LEngle had incorporated in the text was uncomplicated enough for easy absorption for children of reading level.But more notably is that although there was science fantasy elements in the story, LEngle did not presented those elements a scifi-geeky way. The uncomplicated language can be seen when Mrs. Whatsit was ex unmistakableing the tesseract to a child like Meg (LEngle 85).The fact that A Wrinkle in Time a wide readership is arguably already enough to prove its effectiveness. The critics of the novel had made an approach that is considerably unnecessary. They had stripped a childrens story off its very essence. This paper would stand beside the argument that any overly critical approach to this particular text can be considered an over-reading.The novel was not written for critic s, it was for the childrens enjoyment. And because of an overly critical approach, many had failed to appreciate the ending of the story. What makes the ending appreciable is it is rich with insights that are likely to have a positive effect on young minds.For us to have a better vantage point in reviewing the ending, let us divide the ending into cardinal significant parts Megs final battle with IT, the reunion of the family, and Mrs. Whatsits invitation for further adventures.In Megs final battle with IT, the children are granted the suggestion that they are capable beings. Meg is just an average child defeating an alien disembodied brain. This aspect could boost a childs arrogance towards facing challenges in life.In Megs reunion with her family, children are taught how to care for others. Her father and other characters were anxiously waiting for Megs safe return. This had taught Meg that she is important as person. Just like the protagonist, children readers could also have the same positive realization.Mrs. Whatsits invitation for further adventures suggests that after some challenges in life, may it be being an underachiever or getting lost within the continuum of time, better things and more adventures are waiting for us.The optimism that this could instil in the minds of the children would be very recyclable to them for this will teach them a positive outlook in life. A positive outlook would help the children through challenges in life, especially when they grow and become to adulthoodwhere scepticism and pessimism are prevalent.The ending should not be tampered with by the readers as changing the ending would violate the concept of authorship. Revising the ending is plain plagiarism and with simple logic, this is LEngles storynot the readers.Although, it is understandable that the readers and critics to have opinions and interpretations. But they should not tamper with a classic of childrens literature that was enjoyed by generations of young r eaders. What they could do with their opinions and interpretations is to keep those as writing materials. Who knows? They may end up writing a masterpiece for children just like A Wrinkle in Time.Work CitedLEngle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time. NY Dell. 1973

Eveline by James Joyce

screen 2 Leaving the completely headquarters that whiz has ever k presentlyn can be re totallyy emotional, especially when you hold so m all memories and have established a r step upine of life story in that stem. Many say live life to the fullest, yet they come up with unbosom after excuse that holds them from leaving. They feel as if they cant make this decision on their own. Trying to find the importation of life and making attempts to discover the reason why they were put on this Earth is hard enough. all(prenominal) day one lives new experiences that we hope will one day lead us to our fate future.Yet, for so many, non knowing where to begin keeps them from despicable forward. Reminiscing on the memories created in our home thinking some how much those memories have faded, and will eventually disappears if they are to leave that home. Being attached to the environment that one is used to or the routine of life holds one back from what the future could hold. eventi den when given the primordial to escape, thinking too hard makes one doubt their ability to adapt to a new environment. What ifs? and dislodgeing that routine of life gives one fear of failure, non making it once leaving the environment.Feeling stuck in trying to find meaning of life makes it easier to come up with excuses to stay in the routine in which one is accustomed to. This is true because it is what happened to evening distinction in eventide line by crowd together Joyce from Ireland during the early on 20th century. No matter how many times even line sits and thinks nigh moving forward, and living new experiences, she was stuck in her past and thinking closely it so much does not let her move on and travel to break out of her routine and bad habits. Joyce does an excellent job illustrating Evelines decision making process with language and symbols throughout the short story.He begins by telling us where Eve line is sitting in her home at the window watching the e vening invade the road as she smells the odor of dusty cretonne letting subscribers know that it was a particular aroma that he had to describe. As she is looking out she begins to reminisce on the memories that she silent has of the big open field where all the children of the roadway used to go out and play when she was younger. Joyce choice of causa names for those childrens families (the Devines, the Water, and the Dunnes) cooperates the reader shot them as very friendly neighbors who Eve line almost saw as family.The name Eve line is another clear symbol that the author makes in the story comparing the main character to Eve from the Adam and Eves biblical story where Eve is confronted by the serpent or Satan just like Eve line was always confronted by her pay off out in the field or the Garden of Eden as the biblical story goes. Eve line believed that her father wasnt so bad then and that she used to be happy then but now everything was different. Joyce reminds the read er many times that Evelines mother isnt alive any more, letting the reader know that Eve line unsounded lamented this loss so much.One of the Dunns had also passed now and the irrigate had moved back to England. She didnt want to be another person who just left her home full of those memories of the past. Joyce repeats the word Home and emphasizes it using an exclamation point as if Eve line was reminding herself that it was the only home she knew. Eve line reminisces on the smallest details of her home, like the objects she had dusted once a week for so many years and the yellowing photograph hung on the wall which her used to always pass and quotes his exact nomenclature He is in Melbourne now. The picture was above the broken harmonium and beside the print of the promises make to Blessed Margaret bloody shame Alacoque. Margaret Mary Alacoque is a Saint of the Roman Catholic Church who was very popular in Ireland during the early 20th century. The broken harmonium is another symbol that Joyce uses to connect the reader to the broken environment of her home and of Ireland in general. With all the memories Eve line holds of her home she had still consented with hound to leave with him and leave it all behind. Eve line begins to really doubt her self.Her mind is spinning and not knowing if her decision was wise. She would break her routine of working hard at home and at work. She was only 19 she begins thinking about what everyone else would say about her. She imagined everyone at her job would think she had run off with a fellow and would turn on up all kind of lies and rumors. Still undecided Eve line begins to build a trick of Buenos Ayres which is where Frank has promised to take her. She imagines being a married woman, treated with respect and not the way she was treated at home by the father.Joyce makes it clear to the reader that Eve line is terrified of her father, he would still threaten her and say he would do it for her dead mothers sake. Eve line has no one to make her feel safe from him. Ernest her brother was dead, and her other brother Harry was in the church building decorating business and was never home. She had too much responsibility in her home and no one to help her with it all. Her father never helped out with money and the children left to her charge did not make her life any easier.With all this she still didnt find it a wholly undesirable life writes Joyce indicating that Eve line is still hesitant of leaving with Frank. Joyce describes Frank as a very kind, manly, open hearted guy who Eve line saw as the only person who could protect her from her father. He tells her they will go on the night- gravy boat and that she will be his wife in Buenos Ayres where he already had a home waiting for her. Joyce shows how primitive Eve line is being about Frank. She had met him not too long ago and had gone out with him a couple times.He had given her a nickname, Poppens, and met her outside of work every evenin g. Frank had many tales about the places he had sailed to all around the world and explains how he had fallen on his feet to Buenos Ayres. Although Eve line didnt see any of Franks flaws Joyce does use language to prove that Franks intentions with Eve line whitethorn not have been good ones considering that during that time Buenos Aires, Argentina was well known for its intimate trafficking. Her father finds out about the relationship and forbid Eve line to keep seeing Frank calling him a sailor Chap. Joyce brings the reader back to the present and gives more excuses for Eve line not to leave her home. She held two letters on her lap, one to Harry and one to her father, she noticed her father adequate old and thought that he would probably miss her, she reminisced on the moments which her father was nice. Joyce illustrates Eve line still sitting on the couch, having just moments left to make her decision. She the odor of dusty cretonne returns and she begins to hear a passage org an play just as she did the night of her mothers death and the promise that she had made to her mother.She promised her mother to keep the home together as long as she could. Most of all it reminded her of the life her mother had lived, that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in on final craziness. She wanted to break that steering wheel that her mother had. She wants to escape that life and believe that Frank would save her , give her life, perhaps love, too. Joyce exposes to the reader that Eve line is aware that Frank doesnt love her and if she leaves with him there is a chance that things do not work out between them.Upon arriving to the station Eve line looks around examining everything around her. She is still isnt sure if she is getting on that boat. She prayed to God to direct her she wanted to know what she was her duty. At that moment the boat blew a long mournful whistle. Evelines decision is determined by of the mournful sound. She thinks about tomorrow how sh e would break out of her routine if she leaves with Frank. Eve line chooses to stay home. Her eyes give Frank no bell ringer of love, farewell or recognition

Comparison: Minority Report and 1984 Essay

Is it inhumane to arrest and convict a person of terrible wickednesss, even if it is non yet committed, if it is certain that it will be? Utopia is an ideational place in which each involvement is perfect in comparison, dystopia is an imaginary state in which the condition of life is extremely bad as from deprivation, oppression, or terror. George Or heartys 1984 (1949), is a novel based on life in a dystopian setting, with a totalitarian presidential term centered on war and hatred. Steven Spielbergs Minority Report (2002) is a film in a futuristic setting with a brass which predicts future murders so that citizens live a homicide-free utopian life.Winston smith is the main character in 1984. His rebelious views on his fiat and authorities activity cause his arrest for thoughtcrime, for which he is persuade until he complies to his societys views. In Minority Report, John Anderton (Tom Cruise) begins by completely trusting the governing body which allegedly predicts murd ers before they happen. In fact, Anderton is an officer of precrime himself, and is responsible for figuring out the specific details of the murders. However, when it is revealed in the film that Anderton will murder a man he has not even met, he tries to battle the system to prove his innocence.The idea that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely is the central message of two 1984 and Minority Report. This is because engineering science is used to enforce power, it is purported to be infallible, and the result of the misuse of power is corruption. The use of engineering to enforce corrupt power is comparable in two 1984 and Minority Report. Firstly, in both(prenominal) societies applied science is used to give the citizens statistics about how much the state of living has improved since the source of power was created. In 1984, the announcer on the telescreen reads, Attention comradesWe have glorious news for you the standard of living has risen by no less than 20 per cent over the past year. (Orwell 61). Similarly, in Minority Report, the Precrime service announcer proudly boasts that deep down three months of the precrime program, the homicidal rates in the District of Columbia had reduced 90% (Minority Report). In both societies, statistics argon manipulated to citizens to encourage them to appreciate the regime. Also, technology is used in both of these works so the presidency always knows where each individual person is.In 1984, this is done by the use of telescreens, which received and catching simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, more(prenominal)over, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard (Orwell 5). In Minority Report, retina s coffin nailners ar in both public place, and eye-s behindning spiders can crawl into houses and apartments at each given moment to locate everyo ne. In both 1984 and Minority Report, technology is used to monitor people.The people in the novel 1984 are monitored so any thoughtcrime or illegal behaviour is detected by the use of telescreens in every room, as well as devices hidden in the outdoors which record sound. Similarly, the citizens in the film Minority Report are monitored to detect any sign of potential murder. In 1984 and Minority Report, technology is used by the government to enforce power reinforces the corruption of the government itself. As well as the use of technology, the believed infallibility of power in both 1984 and Minority Report leads to corruption.In 1984, as well as Minority Report, the leaders of the government system hold unquestionable authority. The god-like figure, Big Brother, in 1984, is loved by all his loyal followers Big Brother seemed to tower up, an invincible fearless protector (Orwell 17). In Minority Report, the precogs which predict homicide are the guardians of the people in a way they give us hope hope of the existence of the predict (Minority Report). Secondly, the power source is purported to be perfect. In both societies children are persuade by the system so they grow to be adults with full faith in it.The childrens Spies program in 1984 turned the children into ungovernable little savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the discipline of the ships company (Orwell 26). Comparably in Minority Report, children are seen touring the Department of Precrime, on a school field berth to learn more about the system. When people are brought up with whole knowledge of one system, it results in generations of loyal supporters. Lastly, the systems in both societies continue to be foolproof due to their control of people by fear and influencing their daily lives.In 1984, the Party does this by the fabrication of the war, as well as discouraged propaganda. An example of this is the poster that is plastered all across the city for Hate Week from whatever bung you looked at the poster, the muzzle of the gun magnified by the foreshortening, seemed to be pointed straight at you (Orwell 156). The method is more subtle in Minority Report, but it is still present the show COPS is shown on television to stress the horror of crimes, so the public will support the Precrime program.Due to these factors the source of power is impossible to be fought against consequently, corrupt governments maintain complete control. A source of power which is infallible has the same effect on its citizens in 1984 and Minority Report alike. In both, the main characters are forced by their society to do whatever they can to survive. As Iris Hineman (Lois Smith) in Minority Report says, When the chips are down, when the pressure is on, every creature on the face of the Earth is interested in one thing and one thing onlyits own survival (Minority Report).This is relevant in 1984 when Winston is discussing with Julia what will happen when they get caught Julia says, Everybody always confesses. You cant help it. They torture you (Orwell 173). Similarly, in Minority Report, John Anderton is being hunted down for the crime he has not committed and he says, Everybody runs (Minority Report). The source of power has the same effect on the citizens in the different societies. Secondly, the offenders of crime in 1984 and Minority Report are sent to similar places.In 1984, thoughtcrime offenders are sent to the Ministry of Love, which is a place impossible to enter except on official business, and then only by penetrating though a maze of barbed-wire entanglements, steel doors, and hidden machine gun nests (Orwell 7). In Minority Report, precrime criminals are sent somewhere which resembles this in both places people are essentially brainwashed so they cannot commit any more crimes. Lastly, the people in power by the government are corrupt because they use unethical tactics to arrest supposed criminals.In 1984, the chil dren are turned against their parents if they peculiar them of thoughtcrime and they are rewarded for this child hero was the phrase generally used (Orwell 32). In Minority Report, the government is in the wrong because they arrest people who may have no, or little, intention of carrying out the murders that have get across their minds. The people in power are corrupt because they use unethical tactics to keep the society as they believe it should be. The result on the people exposed or involved in the governments power is similar in both works. superpower corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely Orwells 1984 and Spielbergs Minority Report are two works which support this, due to the similar uses of technology to enforce power, the way power is seemingly flawless, and the effect the corruption has on the people. The idea that power corrupts can directly relate to occurrences in real life, such as Hitler taking over Germany and effect that had on the whole world. Corruption means to act dishonestly in return for personal gain, specifically power. Power and corruption are an endless cycle with fatal effects on society.